黎藤节间与节部纤维形态特征的径向变化

为了更好地指导藤材的合理利用,缓解日益紧张的木材供需矛盾,采用显微图像分析方法,对3组黎藤试样2m处藤节间与节部的纤维形态特征进行了观察与统计,并进行对比与分析。结果显示,黎藤节间与节部纤维的长度、宽度、长宽比、腔径、双壁厚分别为981.779和921.271μm、7.786和8.719μm、130.822和113.021、3.716和3.669μm、4.070和5.051μm。由藤芯到藤皮节间处纤维长度和长宽比均呈现先增后降的趋势,节部处纤维长度和长宽比、节间纤维宽度均呈现逐渐下降的趋势;节间、节部处纤维腔径及节部宽度均呈现先降后增的趋势;节间处双壁厚呈现逐渐下降的趋势,节部处双壁厚呈逐渐增加的趋势。经F检验,在0.05水平上节间与节部处纤维宽度和双壁厚存在极显著差异。平均纤维微纤丝角为42.71°,变化区间在39.38°～46.03°;平均纤维素结晶度为46.96%,变化区间在44.10%～49.82%,且藤皮处结晶度大于藤芯处。     

Metabolic rates from Bluntnose minnow (Pimephales notatus) populations at lower latitudes are more sensitive to changes in temperature than populations at higher latitudes

Predicting the potential effects of changes in climate on freshwater species requires an understanding of the relationships between physiological traits and environmental conditions among populations. While water temperature is a primary factor regulating metabolic rates in freshwater ectotherms, how metabolic rates vary across the species range is unclear. In addition, photoperiod has also been hypothesised to influence metabolic rates in freshwater taxa based on seasonal changes in activity rates. Using an experimental approach, we investigated whether variation in routine metabolic rate (RMR) and sensitivity of RMR to changes in temperature are correlated with local thermal regimes, photoperiods and body mass among ten populations across the geographic range of the Bluntnose minnow (Pimephales notatus), a North American freshwater fish species. Routine metabolic rate data were collected from populations acclimatised to three temperature treatments (9, 18 and 27°C) and correlated with water temperature and photoperiod estimates at collection locations for each population. Routine metabolic rate was negatively correlated with minimum photoperiod at 9°C, negatively correlated with weekly high temperature at 18°C and positively correlated with weekly high temperature at 27°C. Body mass was also a predictor of RMR at each temperature treatment. Thermal sensitivity of RMR was positively correlated with weekly high temperature, indicating that individuals from warmer low latitude populations experienced greater sensitivity of RMR to changes in temperature than individuals from cooler high latitude populations. These results indicate differential responses among populations to variation in temperature and suggest the importance of recognising this variation when characterising responses of freshwater taxa to increases in water temperature.     

Basal internode elongation of rice as affected by light intensity and leaf area

Short basal internodes are important for lodging resistance of rice(Oryza sativa L.).Several canopy indices affect the elongation of basal internodes,but uncertainty as to the key factors determining elongation of basal internodes persists.The objectives of this study were(1)to identify key factors affecting the elongation of basal internodes and(2)to establish a quantitative relationship between basal internode length and canopy indices.An inbred rice cultivar,Yinjingruanzhan,was grown in two split-plot field experiments with three N rates(0,75,and 150 kg N ha−1 in early season and 0,90,and 180 kg N ha−1 in late season)as main plots,three seedling densities(16.7,75.0,and 187.5 seedlings m−2)as subplots,and three replications in the 2015 early and late seasons in Guangzhou,China.Light intensity at base of canopy(Lb),light quality as determined from red/far-red light ratio(R/FR),light transmission ratio(LTR),leaf area index(LAI),leaf N concentration(NLV)and final length of second internode(counted from soil surface upward)(FIL)were recorded.Higher N rate and seedling density resulted in significantly longer FIL.FIL was negatively correlated with Lb,LTR,and R/FR(P<0.01)and positively correlated with LAI(P<0.01),but not correlated with NLV(P>0.05).Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that FIL was strongly associated with Lb and LAI(R2=0.82).Heavy N application to pot-grown rice at the beginning of first internode elongation did not change FIL.We conclude that FIL is determined mainly by Lb and LAI at jointing stage.NLV has no direct effect on the elongation of basal internodes.N application indirectly affects FIL by changing LAI and light conditions in the rice canopy.Reducing LAI and improving canopy light transmission at jointing stage can shorten the basal internodes and increase the lodging resistance of rice.     

冀中平原奶牛舍温热环境评价及温热参数与生理指标的相关性分析

试验旨在评价冀中平原地区四季奶牛舍的温热环境，并分析温热参数与奶牛生理指标的相关性。选择3栋不同建筑结构的奶牛舍，对各舍温湿度和奶牛的呼吸频率、直肠温度和体表温度等生理指标进行检测。结果显示，奶牛舍四季环境温湿度和温湿指数（THI）变化显著（P<0.05），其中夏季日均温最高，为28.59 ℃；冬季日均温最低，为1.55 ℃。奶牛夏季每天平均15.5 h遭受轻度热应激，6.0 h遭受中度热应激；冬季每天平均12.0 h遭受轻度冷应激。除冬季外，各季节不同牛舍的温度和THI均未表现出显著差异（P>0.05）。相比带矮墙或卷帘的棚舍，仅设顶子的棚舍夏季平均温度要高0.80~1.27 ℃，冬季低1.36~1.84 ℃。另外，夏季奶牛各项生理指标极显著高于其他季节（P<0.01），且夏季不同舍奶牛的呼吸频率和直肠温度均表现出显著差异（P<0.05），体表温度各季节差异均达显著水平（P<0.05）。从环境温湿参数与奶牛生理参数的相关性分析可看出，各项生理参数（呼吸频率、直肠温度和体表温度）与THI、环境温度均呈显著正相关（P<0.05），但与湿度未表现出显著相关性（P>0.05）。本研究可为奶牛舍环境的评价提供科学依据，并通过环境温热参数的检测推断奶牛生理状况，为应激的发生及预警提供数据。     

基于无人机成像高光谱影像的冬小麦LAI估测

利用无人机Cubert UHD185 Firefly成像光谱仪和ASD光谱仪获取了冬小麦挑旗期、开花期和灌浆期的成像和非成像高光谱以及LAI数据。首先,对比ASD与UHD185光谱仪数据光谱反射率,评价两者精度;然后,选取7个光谱参数,分析其与冬小麦3个生育期LAI的相关性,并使用线性回归和指数回归挑选出最佳估测参数;最后利用多元线性回归、偏最小二乘、随机森林、人工神经网络和支持向量机构建了冬小麦3个不同生育期LAI的估测模型。结果表明:UHD185光谱仪光谱反射率在红边区域与ASD光谱仪趋势一致性很高,反射率在挑旗期、开花期、灌浆期的R^2分别为0.9959、0.9990和0.9968,UHD185光谱仪数据精度较高;7种光谱参数在挑旗期、开花期、灌浆期与LAI相关性最高的参数分别是NDVI(r=0.738)、SR(r=0.819)、NDVI×SR(r=0.835);LAI-MLR为冬小麦LAI的最佳估测模型,其中开花期拟合性最好,精度最高(建模R^2=0.6788、RMSE为0.69、NRMSE为19.79%,验证R^2=0.8462、RMSE为0.47、NRMSE为16.04%)。     

Effects of agriculture,climate, and policy on NDVI change in a semi-arid river basin of the Chinese Loess Plateau

In 1999, the Grain for Green Project was implemented by the Chinese government. Since then, the vegetation of Zuli River Basin, a semi-arid river basin of the Chinese Loess Plateau, has been greatly changed. Clearly understanding the impact of natural and artificial factors on vegetation change is important for policy making and ecosystem management. In this study, spatio-temporal variations in vegetation cover in Chinese Zuli River Basin during 1999–2016 were investigated using Landsat normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data. Analyses of several indicators, including changes in NDVI in different slopes and land use changes and the relationships between climatic factors and NDVI change, were presented to quantitatively evaluate the effects of agriculture, climate, and policy on NDVI change. The NDVI in the Zuli River Basin increased during the study period, and the main contributors to this change were forest in 1999–2011, cropland, abandoned farmland, and grassland in 2009–2016, and land with slopes ≤ 15°. Land with slope > 15°, where the “Project” was implemented, slightly contributed to the increase in regional NDVI. In 1999–2011, the project (?98.16%) combined with climate change (?68.18%) showed negative effects on the increase in NDVI in the Zuli River Basin, but agriculture (22.28%) played a positive role in increasing this index. In 2009–2016 and 1999–2016, the project (38.45% and 35.25%, respectively), the project combined with climate change (49.83% and 46.30%, respectively), agriculture (18.61% and 23.30%, respectively), promoted increases in NDVI in the basin.     

Body condition scoring (BCS) in corn snakes (Pantherophis guttatus) and comparison to pre-existing body condition index (BCI) for snakes

In the veterinary profession, the body condition score (BCS) plays an important role in the assessment of patients. It is a subjective, tactile method of evaluating body fat and muscle mass and is used in numerous species. Recognizing obesity (or the contrary, emaciation) is important for veterinarians treating reptiles and could be facilitated by a BCS. An existing form of body condition assessment already used is the body condition index (BCI), where the residuals from a regression of body mass on body length are calculated. Therefore, the goal of this study was to provide practitioners with a BCS system for corn snakes (Pantherophis guttatus) and to test it against the BCI. A total of 22 corn snakes (Pantherophis guttatus), stationed at the “Auffangstation für Reptilien” in Munich (reptile rescue centre, RRC), were subject of this study. Each had the following measurements taken: body weight (BW), snout–tail tip length (STL), snout–vent length (SVL) and circumference in the middle (C). Manual palpation of spine, area between vertebral spinous and transverse process, ribs and neck of each snake was performed by three veterinarians and assigned to specific scores by each examiner. A BCS (mean of examiners’ scores) was given to each snake according to manual palpation. The BCS system was chosen to be out of 5 in 0.5-point steps with 2.5 considered as ideal BCS. In the studied snakes, the BCS ranged from 1.5 to 3.5, with a median of 2.5. The median BW was 309 g (75–967 g), the median STL was 123 cm (79–153 cm), the median SVL was 104 cm (73–133 cm) and the median C was 7.5 cm (4.3–11 cm). BCS and BCI were positively correlated. A BCS includes a manual palpation of the animal and thus gives the examiner additional information to the objectively measured/calculated index.     

沾益区创建国家森林城市的思路与举措

分析沾益区在创建国家森林城市工作过程中的思路与举措,认为动员全民参与是“创森”工作的坚强后盾;确保工作经费,多方筹措资金是“创森”工作的动力来源;突出建设重点,完成创建指标实现是“创森”工作的最终目的;抓好森林资源保护,巩固工作成效是“创森”工作的安全保障;建好档案台账,完善痕迹管理使“创森”工作有据可查。     

玉米自交系耐荫性鉴定与评价

以41个玉米自交系为材料,采用大田试验方法,在植株形态建成期设置15%遮荫和不遮荫两种处理方式,研究不同处理下玉米自交系植株形态、物质生产、产量等11个指标以及各指标耐荫系数的变化,并对自交系的耐荫性进行评价。结果表明,遮荫不仅会增加玉米自交系的株高和穗位高,延缓生育进程,而且会降低植株叶面积指数及叶绿素含量,最终影响玉米物质积累及产量的提升。进一步对各指标的耐荫性进行数学统计分析,表明茎干物质、叶面积指数和产量的耐荫系数可作为评价玉米自交系耐荫性指标。筛选出M173、豫82、DH382、618B、P6874、昌7-2、8612A、M753、ZY608、豫1122、PH6WC和M109高度耐荫型玉米自交系;ZY602、ZY606、658、HT60、ZY601、C70、外引-2、四-144、KW7M14、NS501和PH4CV是弱光敏感型玉米自交系。     

玉米穗轴对穗腐病抗性鉴定体系与优异抗源的研究

穗轴作为拟轮枝镰孢菌侵染果穗引发玉米穗腐病的重要途径之一，能够影响病原菌的侵染和扩散。为了深入开展玉米穗轴对拟轮枝镰孢菌抗性的研究以及了解玉米穗腐病子粒与穗轴抗性的差异，进行抗性鉴定体系的优化，利用164份国内外玉米骨干自交系进行两年两点的接种鉴定筛选优异抗源，对发病边长、发病芯长、发病面积、发病相对面积等4个抗性指标进行研究。结果表明，发病边长能较大程度地区分不同自交系间的抗感差异且又在材料内具有较好的重演性。把发病边长确定为玉米穗腐病穗轴抗性鉴定指标，对参试自交系进行抗性评价，鉴定出CML27、BT-1、CML274等58份穗轴高抗自交系，筛选出BT-1、CML173、CML193等8份子粒与穗轴均抗穗腐病的优异抗源。